Augmentative & Alternative Communication (AAC)
Provides alternative ways to communicate for people who are non-speaking or have limited verbal ability, using devices, apps, picture systems, or sign language.
What Is AAC?
Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) refers to any method of communication that supplements or replaces speech. AAC ranges from low-tech options (picture boards, communication books) to high-tech speech-generating devices and tablet-based apps.
AAC is not a replacement for speech — it is a bridge to communication. Research consistently shows that AAC does NOT prevent children from developing speech. In fact, it often supports speech development by reducing frustration and providing a model for language.
An SLP specializing in AAC will evaluate your child's motor, cognitive, and language abilities to recommend the most appropriate AAC system and provide training for the child, family, and school team.
Who Benefits from AAC?
autism
Provides a reliable communication system for non-speaking or minimally verbal children. Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) and tablet-based AAC are widely used.
cerebral palsy
Enables communication for children with severe motor speech impairment (anarthria or severe dysarthria). Eye-gaze technology allows communication even with very limited motor control.
als
Maintains communication ability as speech deteriorates. Eye-tracking devices and speech-banking technology preserve the person's voice.
brain injury
Supports communication during recovery when speech is temporarily or permanently impaired.
What to Expect in a Session
First Session
A comprehensive AAC assessment (60-120 minutes) evaluates motor skills, vision, cognition, language, and communication needs. The SLP may trial several AAC systems to find the best fit.
Ongoing Sessions
Sessions focus on learning to use the AAC system effectively — building vocabulary, navigating the device, and using it in real-life situations. The SLP trains the child and caregivers together.
Your Child's Role
Your child practises using the AAC system to make choices, request items, comment, and have conversations. Activities are motivating and functional.
Caregiver's Role
Caregivers are essential partners — you'll learn to model AAC use (pointing to symbols while you talk), program vocabulary, and create opportunities for your child to communicate throughout the day.
When to Start
Early Childhood (0-5)
AAC can begin as early as 12 months. There are no prerequisites — a child does not need to 'fail' at speech before trying AAC. Early introduction supports language development.
School Age (6-17)
AAC should be integrated into the classroom. Schools are required to support AAC use and may fund devices through assistive technology programs.
Adults (18+)
Adults with acquired conditions (stroke, ALS, brain injury) benefit from AAC to maintain communication. Speech-banking should begin as soon as a progressive condition is diagnosed.
General guidance: Never wait to introduce AAC. The research is clear: AAC supports, not hinders, speech development. If your child is struggling to communicate, AAC should be considered immediately.
| Item | Range | Details |
|---|---|---|
| Initial Assessment | $300–$600 | AAC evaluation including device trials |
| Per Session | $130–$210 | 45-60 minutes |
| Insurance | Coverage varies; some plans cover SLP sessions but not AAC devices separately | |
| Tax Credit | AAC devices and related therapy are eligible for METC; devices may also qualify for the DTC | |
Money-Saving Tips
- Provincial assistive technology programs (e.g., Ontario ADP, BC AT Program) may fund devices
- Free AAC apps like Proloquo2Go trials or TouchChat Lite can supplement paid therapy
- Ask your SLP about borrowing or trialling devices before purchasing
| Province | Status | Program | Details |
|---|---|---|---|
| BC | Partially Funded | SET-BC / Autism Funding | SET-BC provides AAC technology and support through schools; autism funding can be used toward AAC services.(Under 19) |
| AB | Partially Funded | FSCD / AADL | Alberta Aids to Daily Living covers some devices; FSCD may fund AAC assessment and training for children. |
| SK | No data | — | — |
| MB | No data | — | — |
| ON | Partially Funded | Assistive Devices Program (ADP) | ADP covers up to 75% of AAC device costs; children's treatment centres provide assessment and training.Up to 75% of device cost |
| QC | Partially Funded | CISSS/CIUSSS | AAC devices and training available through the public rehabilitation centres; La Maison Victor-Gadbois and similar centres provide specialized AAC services. |
| NB | No data | — | — |
| NS | No data | — | — |
| PE | No data | — | — |
| NL | No data | — | — |
| NT | No data | — | — |
| NU | No data | — | — |
| YT | No data | — | — |
Evidence & Research
AAC has a strong evidence base. Multiple systematic reviews demonstrate that AAC improves communication, reduces challenging behaviour, and does not hinder speech development. The National Joint Committee for the Communication Needs of Persons With Severe Disabilities affirms that all people have the right to AAC.
Red Flags to Watch For
Be cautious of any provider who:
- Claims your child must meet prerequisites (eye contact, sitting still, certain IQ) before starting AAC
- Says AAC will prevent your child from learning to talk — this is contrary to all research evidence
- Restricts your child's access to their AAC device as a reward or punishment
- Only teaches requesting ('I want') without building broader communication functions
- Is not willing to customize the AAC system to your child's interests and daily routines
How to Find a Provider
- 1
Ask your SLP for a referral to an AAC specialist or an AAC clinic at a children's treatment centre
- 2
Contact your provincial assistive technology program (e.g., Ontario ADP, BC AT Program) for assessment and device funding
- 3
Search the Communication Disabilities Access Canada (CDAC) website for resources and referrals
- 4
Connect with your school board's assistive technology team for school-based AAC support
- 5
Reach out to provincial AAC user groups and parent networks for recommendations
Conditions That Use AAC
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